195 lines
6.4 KiB
HTML
195 lines
6.4 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8" />
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<title>OpenSCAD</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<main>
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<article>
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<h1>OpenSCAD</h1>
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<address class="h-card">
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by
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<a rel="author" class="u-url" href="http://changelog.ca/"><span class="p-given-name">Charles</span> <span class="p-additional-name">Iliya</span> <span class="p-family-name">Krempeaux</span></a>
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</address>
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<p>
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<strong>OpenSCAD</strong> is an open-source computer-aided design (<abbr title="computer-aided design">CAD</abbr>) software application with its own built-in programming-language.
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</p>
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<p>
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Unlike many other <abbr title="computer-aided design">CAD</abbr> software applications which use a <abbr title="graphical user interface">GUI</abbr> to create, edit, and manipulate objects, <strong>OpenSCAD</strong> creates, edits, and manipulates objects via a scripting programming-language.
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For example:
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</p>
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<figure>
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<pre><code>
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cube([50,75,100]);
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</code></pre>
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</figure>
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<p>
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<strong>OpenSCAD</strong> scripts are usually stored in <code>.scad</code> files.
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</p>
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<p>
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<strong>OpenSCAD</strong> includes many features similar to many imperative programming-languages; including:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>variables,</li>
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<li>control structures (such as if-statements and loops),</li>
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<li>modules, and</li>
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<li>libraries.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>
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For those already familiar with programming-languages such as C, C++, C#, D, Dart, Go, Java, JavaScript, PHP, and others — <strong>OpenSCAD</strong> uses curly-brackets.
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For example:
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</p>
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<figure>
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<pre><code>
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for (a =[x1,x2,x3]){echo(a);}
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</code></pre>
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</figure>
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<p>
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<strong>OpenSCAD</strong> provides two main methods for 3D-modeling:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>creating complex object from combinations of simpler shapes, and</li>
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<li>extruding 2D shapes (contained in .dxf or .svg files) into 3D shapes.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>
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<strong>OpenSCAD</strong> is especially geared towards mechanical, rather than artistic, aspects of 3D computer-aided design.
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Thus <strong>OpenSCAD</strong> can be useful when one wants to create a model that one wants to 3D-print.
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</p>
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<section>
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<h2>Units</h2>
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<p>
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All dimensions in <strong>OpenSCAD</strong> are measured in (the somewhat confusingly named) "unit".
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</p>
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<p>
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The <em>convention</em> used by a lot of people doing 3D-printing is:
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</p>
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<figure>
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1 unit = 1 millimeter
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</figure>
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<p>
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But <strong>OpenSCAD</strong> is in a sense unit-less.
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</p>
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<p>
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And it is a good idea to explicitly size your model when preparing it for 3D-printing.
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</p>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>Cuboids</h2>
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<p>
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One basic 3D shape that <strong>OpenSCAD</strong> provides built-in support for is the <strong>cuboid</strong>.
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</p>
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<p>
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To create a <strong>cuboid</strong> use the <code>cube</code> command.
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For example:
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</p>
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<figure>
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<pre><code>
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cube([50,75,100]);
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</code></pre>
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</figure>
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<p>
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The parameter to the <code>cube</code> command specifies the <em>width</em>, <em>length</em>, and <em>height</em> of the <strong>cuboid</strong>.
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Note that the <code>cube</code> command will put one corner of the <strong>cuboid</strong> at the origin — <code>[0,0,0]</code>.
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</p>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>Spheres</h2>
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<p>
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Another basic 3D shape that <strong>OpenSCAD</strong> provides built-in support for is the <strong>sphere</strong>.
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</p>
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<p>
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To create a <strong>sphere</strong> use the <code>sphere</code> command.
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For example:
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</p>
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<pre><code>
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sphere(20);
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</code></pre>
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<p>
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The paraemter to the <code>sphere<code> command specifies the <em>radius</em> of the <strong>sphere</strong>.
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Note that the <code>sphere<code> command will put the center of the <strong>sphere</strong> at the origin — <code>[0,0,0]</code>.
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</p>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>Cylinders, Cones, and Truncated Cones</h2>
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<p>
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Three other basic 3D shape that <strong>OpenSCAD</strong> provides built-in support for is the <strong>cylinder</strong>, the <strong>cone</strong>, and the <strong>truncated cone</strong>.
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</p>
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<p>
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To create a <strong>cylinder</strong>, <strong>cone</strong>, or <strong>truncated cone</strong> use the <code>cylinder</code> command.
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For example, this is a <strong>cylinder</strong>:
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</p>
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<pre><code>
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cylinder(h=50, r1=20, r2=20);
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</code></pre>
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<p>
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Note that <code>r1</code> and <code>r2</code> have the same value.
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When <code>r1</code> and <code>r2</code> have the same value, you get a <strong>cylinder</strong> (rathe than a <strong>cone</strong> or a strong>truncated cone</strong>).
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</p>
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<p>
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And, for example, this is a <strong>cone</strong>:
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</p>
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<pre><code>
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cylinder(h=50, r1=20, r2=0);
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</code></pre>
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<p>
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In that example, <code>r2</code> is zero.
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But having <code>r1</code> be zero (and <code>r2</code> not be zero) would also produce a <strong>cone</strong>.
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</p>
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<p>
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And, for example, this is a <strong>truncated cone</strong>:
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</p>
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<pre><code>
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cylinder(h=50, r1=20, r2=5);
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</code></pre>
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<p>
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In that example, <code>r2</code> is smaller than <code>r1</code> (and neither is zero).
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But having <code>r1</code> be smaller than <code>r2</code> would also be a <strong>truncated cone</strong>.
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</p>
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<p>
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Note that the <code>cylinder<code> command will put the center of one end of the bottom circle at the origin — <code>[0,0,0]</code>.
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</p>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>Importing 3D Models</h2>
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<p>
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<strong>OpenSCAD</strong> has the ability to import shapes from other 3D applications if those shapes are stored in an <strong>.stl file</strong>.
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</p>
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<p>
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You can import these models with the <code>import</code> command.
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For example:
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</p>
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<code><pre>
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import("3dbenchy.stl")
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</pre></code>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>Centering</h2>
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<p>
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By default, a <strong>sphere</strong> is centered at the origin — <code>[0,0,0]</code>.
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However, <strong>cuboids</strong>, <strong>cylinders</strong>, <strong>cones</strong>, and <strong>truncated cones</strong> are <em>not</em>, by default, cetered at the origin.
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</p>
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<p>
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To make it so <strong>cuboids</strong>, <strong>cylinders</strong>, <strong>cones</strong>, and <strong>truncated cones</strong> are centered at the origin, use the <code>center=true</code> paramter.
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For example:
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</p>
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<figure>
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<pre><code>
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cube([50,75,100], center=true);
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</code></pre>
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</figure>
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<p>
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And:
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</p>
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<pre><code>
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cylinder(h=50, r1=20, r2=5, center=true);
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</code></pre>
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<p>
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Etc.
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</p>
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</section>
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</article>
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</main>
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</body>
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</html>
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